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Graphic Organizer
There are so many techniques that can
improve students’ reading comprehension. One of them is graphic organizer. So,
what id graphic organizer? Let’s read it more.....
A. DEFINITION
There are
many definitions about
graphic organizers. Among
them are from Bromley et al,
Sousa, Zwiers and Synder.
In Syaifudin’s thesis
according to Bromley, et al.
(1995:7) define graphic
organizer as a
visual representation of knowledge.
It is a
way of structuring
information, of arranging
important information aspects of a concept or topic into a pattern using label.
Besides, Sousa (200 5:192)
states that graphic
organizers as valuable tool for
organizing and representing knowledge and for illustrating relationship between
concepts. In addition,
Herley in Zwiers
(2004:17) states that graphic
organizers are drawings
that use geometric
shap es or tables to show
connections between pieces of information.
Furthermore, comes from
Synder ( www.tomsnyder.com) states that:
The NRP review of
research found graphic organizers to be helpful tools in improving reading comprehension.
Essentially, a graphic organizer is a graph, such as an idea web, Venn diagram,
or box map that is used to organize ideas
and relationships. Deconstructing the
text using such a
semantic mapping system
helps students identify
the most important information in
the text and
remember its content.
To be successful, however, the type of organizer
must be carefully considered, and used
in the context of a specific instructional strategy.
B. BENEFIT
Graphic organizer enable
teachers to show and explain relationships between content and sub-content and
how they in turn relate to other content areas. On the other hand, through the
use of the organizers, students can make more abstract comparisons,
evaluations, and conclusions. In short, graphic organizers allow students an
active role in their learning. For easy understanding, specific benefits to
students and teachers are presented in the following organizer.
Scanning and Skimming
This is the definition of scanning and skimming. If you
want to read more and download it, check it out!
Importance of Reading Aloud
Reading aloud helps children acquire early language skills.
- Reading aloud is widely recognized as the single most important activity leading to literacy acquisition. Among other things, reading aloud builds word-sound awareness in children, a potent predictor of reading success.
- "Children who fall seriously behind in the growth of critical early reading skills have fewer opportunities to practice reading. Evidence suggests that these lost practice opportunities make it extremely difficult for children who remain poor readers during the first three years of elementary school to ever acquire average levels of reading fluency." Torgeson, J. Avoiding the Devasting Downward Spiral, American Educator. (2004)
- Reading aloud to young children is not only one of the best activities to stimulate language and cognitive skills; it also builds motivation, curiosity, and memory. Bardige, B. Talk to Me, Baby!(2009), Paul H Brookes Pub Co.
- Reading aloud stimulates language development even before a child can talk. Bardige, B. Talk to Me, Baby!(2009), Paul H Brookes Pub Co.
- Research shows that the more words parents use when speaking to an 8-month-old infant, the greater the size of their child's vocabulary at age 3. The landmark Hart-Risley study on language development documented that children from low-income families hear as many as 30 million fewer words than their more affluent peers before the age of 4. Hart, B. Risley, T. Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experiences of Young American Children (1995), Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Reading aloud
helps children develop positive associations with books and reading.
- The nurturing and one-on-one attention from parents during reading aloud encourages children to form a positive association with books and reading later in life.
- Reading aloud is a proven technique to help children cope during times of stress or tragedy.
Reading aloud
helps children build a stronger foundation for school success.
- "What happens during the first months and years of life matters, a lot, not because this period of development provides an indelible blueprint for adult well-being, but because it sets either a sturdy or fragile stage for what follows." J.S. Shonkoff & D. Phillips, Eds., From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (2000), Washington D.C.; National Research Council & The Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press.
- Once children start school, difficulty with reading contributes to school failure, which can increase the risk of absenteeism, leaving school, juvenile delinquency, substance abuse, and teenage pregnancy - all of which can perpetuate the cycles of poverty and dependency.
- Reading aloud in the early years exposes children to story and print knowledge as well as rare words and ideas not often found in day-to-day conversations or screen time.
- Reading aloud gives children the opportunity to practice listening - a crucial skill for kindergarten and beyond.
Benefits of Reading
Try to love and like reading! Because it has many benefits for our live! Happy reading J
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