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Graphic Organizer



There are so many techniques that can improve students’ reading comprehension. One of them is graphic organizer. So, what id graphic organizer? Let’s read it more.....
A.    DEFINITION
There  are  many  definitions  about  graphic  organizers.  Among  them  are from Bromley et al, Sousa, Zwiers  and Synder.
In Syaifudin’s thesis according to Bromley,  et  al.  (1995:7)  define  graphic  organizer  as  a  visual representation  of  knowledge.  It  is  a  way  of  structuring  information,  of arranging important information aspects of a concept or topic into a pattern using  label.  Besides,  Sousa  (200 5:192)  states  that  graphic  organizers  as valuable tool for organizing and representing knowledge and for illustrating relationship  between  concepts.  In  addition,  Herley  in  Zwiers  (2004:17) states  that  graphic  organizers  are  drawings  that  use  geometric  shap es  or tables to show connections between pieces of information.
Furthermore, comes from Synder ( www.tomsnyder.com) states that:
The NRP review of research found graphic organizers to be helpful tools in improving reading comprehension. Essentially, a graphic organizer is a graph, such as an idea web, Venn diagram, or box  map that  is used to organize  ideas  and  relationships.  Deconstructing  the  text  using  such  a semantic  mapping  system  helps  students  identify  the  most  important information  in  the  text  and  remember  its  content.  To  be  successful, however, the type of organizer must be   carefully considered, and used in the context of a specific instructional strategy. 
B.     BENEFIT
Graphic organizer enable teachers to show and explain relationships between content and sub-content and how they in turn relate to other content areas. On the other hand, through the use of the organizers, students can make more abstract comparisons, evaluations, and conclusions. In short, graphic organizers allow students an active role in their learning. For easy understanding, specific benefits to students and teachers are presented in the following organizer.



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Scanning and Skimming



This is the definition of scanning and skimming. If you want to read more and download it, check it out!


 


 

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Importance of Reading Aloud




Reading aloud helps children acquire early language skills.


  • Reading aloud is widely recognized as the single most important activity leading to literacy acquisition.  Among other things, reading aloud builds word-sound awareness in children, a potent predictor of reading success.
  • "Children who fall seriously behind in the growth of critical early reading skills have fewer opportunities to practice reading. Evidence suggests that these lost practice opportunities make it extremely difficult for children who remain poor readers during the first three years of elementary school to ever acquire average levels of reading fluency." Torgeson, J. Avoiding the Devasting Downward Spiral, American Educator. (2004)
  • Reading aloud to young children is not only one of the best activities to stimulate language and cognitive skills; it also builds motivation, curiosity, and memory. Bardige, B. Talk to Me, Baby!(2009), Paul H Brookes Pub Co.
  • Reading aloud stimulates language development even before a child can talk. Bardige, B. Talk to Me, Baby!(2009), Paul H Brookes Pub Co.
  • Research shows that the more words parents use when speaking to an 8-month-old infant, the greater the size of their child's vocabulary at age 3. The landmark Hart-Risley study on language development documented that children from low-income families hear as many as 30 million fewer words than their more affluent peers before the age of 4. Hart, B. Risley, T. Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experiences of Young American Children (1995), Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.

Reading aloud helps children develop positive associations with books and reading.


  • The nurturing and one-on-one attention from parents during reading aloud encourages children to form a positive association with books and reading later in life.
  • Reading aloud is a proven technique to help children cope during times of stress or tragedy.

Reading aloud helps children build a stronger foundation for school success.


  • "What happens during the first months and years of life matters, a lot, not because this period of development provides an indelible blueprint for adult well-being, but because it sets either a sturdy or fragile stage for what follows." J.S. Shonkoff & D. Phillips, Eds., From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (2000), Washington D.C.; National Research Council & The Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press.
  • Once children start school, difficulty with reading contributes to school failure, which can increase the risk of absenteeism, leaving school, juvenile delinquency, substance abuse, and teenage pregnancy - all of which can perpetuate the cycles of poverty and dependency.
  • Reading aloud in the early years exposes children to story and print knowledge as well as rare words and ideas not often found in day-to-day conversations or screen time.
  • Reading aloud gives children the opportunity to practice listening - a crucial skill for kindergarten and beyond. 
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Benefits of Reading




Try to love and like reading! Because it has many benefits for our live! Happy reading J

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